Cultural Variations in Comfort Foods Dissertation

Cultural Variations in Comfort Foods - Dissertation Example Locher et al (2005) use symbolic, interactionist and structuralist perspectives to show the method of the social construction of some foods categorized as comfort foods and emphasize the need to include social and physiological dimensions of comfort foods within cultural perspectives (Locher et al, 2005). The concept of comfort foods could, however, be more complex and may not be just based on cultural dimensions or how different cultures react to the philosophy of comfort foods and eating for comfort.   It can be conceptualized that even if a culture is not openly aware of this theory it still portrays characteristics of rationalizing food as a comfort or as a physiological process. There are four key areas to this idea and these are a psychological impact, physiological effect, age and gender considerations, and the region or cultural identity of the society.   These four areas all have a part to play in the way comfort food is interpreted in various cultural societies. Therefo re, although cultural identity does play an essential part in the wide scheme of things, there are innumerable other reasons why this complexity associated with food exists (Wansink, et al 2003, p.739).  Comfort eating can be understood as something rather symbolic to an individual, such as the feelings it evokes or memories that are expressed by the mere association with certain foods (Wansink, et al, 2003, p.739).   This would have to do with the psychological processes it presents.   Some specific foods promote a pleasurable experience for those who are fixated on them, which although, is a psychological effect, can be derivative of the individualistic trait in a society.   In this regard, different cultures can be drawn to various food choices simply by how they make a person feel when they are suggested.   A society does not have to be entirely individualistic or collectivist to have this type of reaction to food either (Wansink, et al 2003. p.739).  

The law of property task--tracing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The law of property task--tracing - Essay Example What this means is that, in equity, the remedy of tracing awards a proprietary right in the property to the beneficiary, so that he may be given priority in recovering it in case the defendant goes bankrupt, provided his property still exists and is distinguishable from the bankrupt individual’s other assets. This proprietary nature of the right was affirmed in Foskett v McKeown (2000). Tracing at law is much more restrictive as compared to tracing in equity as the beneficiary is not allowed to claim title to any additions in the value of the property that it may have acquired since the breach of trust and recovering the property may be close to impossible if it was mixed with another. In equity, tracing can lead to the property even if it is mixed and recover it for the wronged beneficiary, which allots great power in the hands of those who have been deprived. Moreover, the differences between tracing at law and equity are considered by some commentators as separate remedies altogether instead of limbs of the same principle. It is imperative to consider both regimes, and my discussion would reflect both the common law remedy and the remedy in equity. Tracing at Law At common law, any individual with a legal title in property may be able to resort to tracing in order to recover it. Thus, this legal title, may be traced all the way to the newest form the property has taken after exchanging hands (for e.g where a defendant has bought a watch with the original property, cash). This phenomenon was described as a matter of hardnosed property rights and distinguished from an action in damages2, hence, any identifiable property was considered traceable and returned to the original beneficiary. Thus, the legal title is traced from one person to all successive individuals that came along the way until finally reaching the person against whom the action could proceed, providing a means to the remedy (Trustee of the property of FC Jones v Jones [1996]). In this way , it is regarded by the courts not as a remedy unto itself but as a means to a remedy, as seen in Banque Belge pour L'Etranger v. Hambrouck [1921]3. The first step then to a successful tracing action is to identify the defendant who is now in possession of the property. In the above case, where money was being traced, the defendant was identified as the fraudulent cashier who had deposited the money in a bank and used it to pay for his expenses. It was held that the cash even though it had the potential of being mixed with other funds, was identifiable in the account and could be recovered by Banque Belge. Once the defendant is identified, the next step is to proceed with a remedy which could be one of the following depending on the form of property being traced. If the property in question, as in the above case of Hambrouck, pertains to funds, then an action to recover ‘money had and received’ may be brought (Lipkin Gorman v Karpnale [1991])4. In Karpnale, a compulsive gambler come partner of a law firm was eventually caught drawing money for gambling purposes from the company account. The money was traced to the gambling club which had exchanged it with chips. The House of Lords found that the money, although received in good faith, was recoverable by the solicitors from the gambling club which was presently in possession of it. There was also a failure of consideration observed at the hands of the gambling club